P. Passos, Universidade de Lisboa, Dafundo, Portugal
E. Lacasa, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia, University of Lleida, Spain
J. Milho, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa and IDMEC, Instituto Superior T cnico, Lisbon, Portugal
C. Torrents, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia, University of Lleida, Spain

Abstract: In social contexts of racket sports, the interactive behaviour between players in the same team is supported by visual coupling. Visual cues allow the players to dynamically coordinate their movements and maintain a suitable interpersonal distance, thereby decreasing the odds of missing score a point. The dynamic feature of this interpersonal coordination requiring reciprocal nonlinear behavioural adjustments to stabilize a relative position may be considered an interpersonal synergy. We used the Uncontrolled Manifold Hypothesis (UCM) methodology to test this hypothesis and capture interpersonal synergies in badminton doubles. The variability of the distance between players was utilized as a performance variable and the variability of player velocities were used as task-relevant elements. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify interpersonal synergies in a cooperative task in badminton doubles at different moments within the same rally. Eight male badminton players were randomly assigned in four doubles with similar technical and tactical level. The participants performed 154 trials over two matches. Interpersonal synergies were found on approximately half of the trials examined. Moreover, the results reveal that shortest interpersonal distances create better conditions for the nonlinear adjustments required for interpersonal synergy formation in badminton doubles.

Keywords: interpersonal coordination, synergy, racket sports, cooperation, coupling